Biliary tract drainage

Fig. 7.5. a Injection of contrast along a biliary tract showing major communication to hepatic veins (arrow), b The tract in the region of the venous communication was embolized with coils and a naso-biliary tube was placed for drainage... 

In patients with xmresectable cholangjocardnoma, PDT with porfimer sodium promotes biliary drainage and may improve survival and quality of life. In order to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDT in eligible patients with locally advanced biliary tract carcinoma and unresectable, histologically confirmed disease, a Kamof-sky performance status of >30% and life expectancy >12 weeks, patients were given 2mg/kg intravenous porfimer sodium, followed by endobiliary laser activation and stent replacement 48h later. 

CAs have been shown to be successful in the closure of pancreatic fistulas, biliary fistulas, and G1 fistulas. Seewald and coworkers reported successful closure of pancreatic fistulas in 8 of 12 patients using endoscopic injection of Histoacryl into the fistulous tract and endoscopic drainage. Seven of the eight successful patients required only one treatment over a median follow-up period of 21 months. Closure was temporary in two patients, unsuccessful in one patient, and there was one death within 24 h of treatment from pulmonary embolism. 

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