Bilayer carbon detection

B. Fabre, S. Burlet, R. Cespuglio, and G. Bidan, Voltammetric detection of NO in the rat brain with an electronic conducting polymer and Nafion bilayer-coated carbon fibre electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem. 426, 75-83 (1997). 

Due to their simplicity of construction, ease of modification, electrical methods of detection, fast response time and the fact that they are the principal structural component of all biomembranes, conventional bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) arises as an ideal system for biosensor technology [88] and they have been studied regarding the possibility of developing DNA biosensors consisting of a glassy carbon electrode-modified by a BLM with incorporated ssDNA [89]. 

Figure 5.16 A) Solid state CPMAS- C-NMR spectra of crystalline and microcrystalline N-octyl-D-gluconamide (= d-GIu-8) materials are well-resolved. The signals have been assigned by considering gauche effects and by comparisons with solution state NMR spectra. The chemical shifts in the first spectrum correspond to an all-anti conformation, shifts in the second spectrum to a gauche bend (b). The methyl carbon C-8 signal indicates a polar environment oriented for the monolayer crystal a), and an unpolar environment for the bilayer crystal b) and micellar fibre c). The signals for the lyophilizedfibre in the third spectrum are somewhat broadened, but the shift of the C-2 signals can be clearly detected. This points to a G conformation (b).

The skeletal optical modes between 1050 and 1150 cm and the ratio of the C-H stretching bands at 2850 and 2885 cm", were used to quantify membrane in order to detect membrane order perturbations induced by the incorporation of small hydrophobic molecules in the bilayer. The intensity at 1130 cm"i is thought to be a measure for the number of a -trans sections involving more than three carbon atoms. For phosphatidylcholine vesicles, it was found that the intensity of this band... 

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