Bifidobacterium acid bacteria

Alternatives to using ruminant foods to provide CLA in the diet are of great interest to the food-processing industry, perhaps most so in dairy processing. Sieber et al (2004) reviewed the impact of microbial cultures on CLA in dairy products. Several strains of Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus are able to form CLA from linoleic acid lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria appear to show promise to increase CLA during ripening of cheese. Presently, data are not convincing that this... 

The normal balance of intestinal flora may be maintained or restored to normal from an unbalanced state by a well-balanced diet or by oral bacteriotherapy. Oral bacteriotherapy, using intestinal strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, can restore normal intestinal balance and produce beneficial effects. 

In 2004 the PROSAFE collection of probiotic lactic acid bacteria was established. This is an E.U.-funded project with the objective to investigate the biosafety of LAB intended for human consumption. The collection comprised 907 LAB strains of nutritional or human origin and included the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus. Most probiotic strains were received as lactobacilli or bifidobacteria (Vankerckhoven et al., 2004). 

Production of femiented foods, probiotics (microbial dietary supplements). Genomic analysis should yield functional information to enable the design of lactic acid bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) better suited to indusdial processes or tailored to provide nuditional benefit. 

Probiotics may consist of a single strain or a mixture of several strains. Most common are lactic acid bacteria from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. Species of bacteria and yeasts used as probiotics include Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Bacillus coagulan, among others (Champagne et al., 2005). 

Starter cultures used in the production of dairy products comprise a great variety of lactic acid bacteria. Most common are species within the genera Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. Non-lactic acid bacteria of the genera Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium are commonly used in Swiss-type cheeses and so-called health cultures . 

The possible formation of a connection between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and the propionic acid bacteria led Orla-Jensen in 1924 to propose a new classification that considered this Bacillus bifidus as a new separated genus with the name Bifidobacterium. ... 

Bifidobacterium Fermentation. A unique form of lactic fermentation has been observed in members of the genus Bifidobacterium. These anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in the intestinal tract and feces of human infants and adults, as well as many animal species. Most Bifidobacterium spp. can acidify milk, and they produce acetic and lactic acids in an approximate 3 2 molar ratio when growing on glucose (Buchanan and Gibbons 1974). The Bifidobacterium fermentation (Fig-... 

The ability to hydrolyze the peptide bond in conjugated bile acids (Fig. 1) is widely distributed among intestinal bacteria. Conjugated bile acid hydrolase (CBH) (EC 3.5) activity has been detected in members of the genera Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Peptostreptococcus and Streptococcus [13-17]. However, there is considerable variation in occurrence of this enzymatic activity among species and strains. 

Aries and Hill (58), during the course of their investigations of degradation of steroids by intestinal bacteria, prepared partially purified extracts of several microorganisms, such as Clostridium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Enterobacterium, possessing enzymatic activity catalyzing the oxido-reduction of the la- and 12a-hydroxy groups in bile acids, as well as the 7-... 

CLA can also be synthesised in the human colon. Some bacterial strains normally present in the human large intestine (Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium species and some Clostridium-like bacteria) have been found to metabohse linoleic acid and form CLA that is converted further to trans-1118 1 in vitro. Vaccenic acid may be also a precursor of rumenic acid (cis-9,trans-ll CLA) in human tissues (Devillard, McIntosh, Duncan, Wallace, 2007). 

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