Beryllium free alloy

Strengths of this magnitude cannot be reached with beryllium free alloys. Strengths of up to 650 N/mm with an elongation (A5) > 10% make these materials appealing for less highly stressed parts because of the lower price. 

Metalliding. Metalliding, a General Electric Company process (9), is a high temperature electrolytic technique in which an anode and a cathode are suspended in a molten fluoride salt bath. As a direct current is passed from the anode to the cathode, the anode material diffuses into the surface of the cathode, which produces a uniform, pore-free alloy rather than the typical plate usually associated with electrolytic processes. The process is called metalliding because it encompasses the interaction, mosdy in the solid state, of many metals and metalloids ranging from beryllium to uranium. It is operated at 500—1200°C in an inert atmosphere and a metal vessel the coulombic yields are usually quantitative, and processing times are short controlled... 

Ampco Metals, Beryllium-free copper alloys. Performance Alloys and Services, Inc. 

Ammonium hydroxide solutions also attack copper-zinc alloys. Alloys containing more than 15 % zinc are susceptible to see when stressed and exposed to ammonium hydroxide, although it also is experienced by the copper-beryllium alloys which are zinc-free. The stress may be due to applied tensile service loads or to unrelieved residual tensile stresses. 

When beryllium is an essential constituent of tin-free minerals and alloys, its presence can be established by isolating beryllium hydroxide and noting the fluorescence reaction with morin (page 124). Silicate-bound beryllium requires fuming with ammonium fluoride for its release. Solution in dilute hydrochloric acid is sufificient in the case of non-ferrous alloys. Chrysoberyl (AlgOg-BeO) must be fused with sodium pyrosulfate. 

The traditional additions are chromium, manganese (these two elements improve weldability), nickel (improves resistance at high temperatures), titanium (refining the as-cast structure), beryllium, zirconium, lead (free machining alloys), etc. An alloy can contain more than one additive, and their concentrations may exceed 1 % in certain cases. All the alloying elements can also be additives in another series of alloys. 

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