1-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide BNAH

The presence of a base is also essential for the efficient reductive dehalogenation of RX by 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) via photoinduced electron transfer [121,122], Since the one-electron oxidation potential of the singlet excited state of BNAH ( BNAH ) is —3.1 V (vs. SCE) [50], which is more negative than the one-electron reduction potential of benzyl bromide (PhCH2Br), photoinduced electron transfer from BNAH to PhCH2Br occurs efficiently with the diffusion-limited rate [122]. This fast process needs no base catalyst to accelerate the electron transfer rate further. However, the photoinduced electron transfer results in... 

The reaction of 1 -benzyl- 1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) with a series of 1,1-di-para-substituted-phenyl-2,2-dinitroethylenes in oxygen-saturated acetonitrile produced various amounts of the corresponding ethanes and diaryl ketones depending on the electronic structure of the substituent groups, thereby indicating a spectrum of behaviour intermediate between polar and SET mechanisms (Scheme ll).261... 

The catalytic activity of the immobilized flavin was determined using the oxidation of an NADH-analog, namely 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), as a model reaction (Figure 8). If a potential of +0.9 V is applied to the system, hydrogen peroxide, which is formed in the aerobic oxidation of BNAH by flavin, can be oxidized... 

Shiragami, T. Fukami, S. Pac, C. Yanagida, S. Semiconductor photocatalysis Quantised CdS-catalysed photoformation of 1 -benzyl- 1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) from 1-benzylnicotinamide (BNA+), 7. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1993, 89, 1857. 

In addition to described heterogeneous systems a homogeneous photocatalytic C02 reduction was tested using heteroleptic rhenium complexes [99, 100] and supramolecular ruthenium and rhenium bi- and tetranuclear complexes their excited states were quenched by 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) and C02 was reduced by the electron donor intermediate species [101]. 

Pac and his coworkers reported the Ru(bpy)3 -sensitized photoreduction of electron deficient alkenes by 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in methanol [116-118]. In this photoreaction, BNAH is first oxidized by Ru(bpy)3 to give BNAH and Ru(bpy)3. The radical anions of the electron-deficient alkenes, which are generated by photoinduced electron transfer from Ru(bpy)3 to the alkene, are then protonated to give the reduction products (Scheme 35). 

The effects of Mg + on hydride transfer reactions from a typical NADH model compound, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH), to substrates are complex... 

Hydrodethallation of alkylthallium(iil) compounds using N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) gives high yields of alkanes via an unusual homolysis of the thallium-carbon bond. On irradiation with light, BNAH also allows aliphatic nitro-groups of compounds containing cyano-, carboalkoxy-. 

The radical anion 60 can also be easily obtained by photoinduced electron transfer from various strong electron donors such as tertiary amines vide supra), ferrocenes, tetrathiafulvalenes, and thiophenes. In homogeneous systems, back electron transfer to the reactant pair plays a dominant role resulting in an extremely short hfetime of Qo In these cases, no net formation of is observed. These problems were circumvented by Fukuzumi et al. by using NADH analogues as electron donors. - Selective one-electron reduction of Qq to Cjo takes place by the irradiation of Qq in a deaerated benzonitrile solution upon the addition of 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) or the corresponding dimer [(BNA)2] (Scheme 10). The formation of Qq confirmed by the observation of the absorption band at 1080 nm in the NIR spectrum assigned to the fullerene radical anion. 

The sulphonyl group of a- nitrosulphones is replaced by hydrogen on treatment with A-benzyl-l,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in deoxygenated DMF (Scheme 2). Keto and cyano groups are not affected. In the presence of a catalytic amount of azobis(isobutyronitrile), or under irradiation, BNAH also reduces alkylmercury(ii) acetates to alkanes. ... 

Okada and Oda described an efficient method for PET-induced decarboxylation of non-activated carboxylic acids. When irradiated as the corresponding N-acyloxyphthalimide derivatives 68 in the presence of l,6-bis(dimethylamino)pyrene (BDMAP) as sensitizer and r-BuSH as hydrogen donor, the corresponding alkanes 69 were obtained in high to excellent yields of 78 to 98% (Scheme 25). The reaction could also be performed with visible light when a Ru(bpy)3Cl2/l-benzyl-l,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) combination was used. ... 

Second-order rates for reduction of l-(z-benzyl)nicotinonitrile cations, z-BNN +, by l-(x-benzyl)-l,4-dihydronicotinamides, x-BNAH, in aqueous acetonitrile correlate well with Hammett cr-constants (Bunting and Brewer, 1985). For substituents (z) in the nitrile, p = 0.63 for reductions by BNAH,... 

Within a molecule of NAD(P)H, the 1,4-dihydronicotinamide moiety acts as a reducing reagent. Thus, a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative where the ring nitrogen is substituted by a simple substituent, such as 1-propyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (PNAH), 1-benzyl-1, 4-dihydro-nicotinamide (BNAH), or Hantzsch ester (HEH), can be considered as a model compound for NAD(P)H. 

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