Glass bending

Physical stress is easy to understand because we can feel, observe, or relate to the events that develop physical stresses. Pulling hard on a plastic tube attached to a hose connection, bending glass, and watching an item fall to the floor are all easily understood (or observed) physical stresses. 

A few small items of glassware are convenient to use, and store, if they are provided with some type of stand or foot. Such stands can be made by bending glass rod into a triangle of convenient size. A more elegant foot, of the type found on wine glasses, can be made in the following manner. 

This one gives more heat over a wider area and is used mainly for glass work as it will enable you to bend glass into all kinds of odd shapes. 

They are also used for bending glass tubing. Smooth boiling is achieved by adding boiling stones to a liquid. 

FIGURE 1.2.1.2 Student bending glass tubing (reenactment) (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Kingbury)... 

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