Behavioural approach basic principles

The basic principles of bioconversion, bioreactors and biocatalysis are introduced, together with a description of the most important biocatalyst immobilization techniques. The mass transfer phenomena involved in membrane systems are discussed along with some representative configurations of membrane bioreactors, whose behaviour can be described using a simple mathematical approach. For all the aforementioned systems the most significant parameters have been defined to estimate the system performance. 

Fracture mechanics was first applied by A. A. Griffith (1921) as an approach to the analysis and evaluation of the material s behaviour. For the basic principles of fracture mechanics and its present development, the reader is referred to one of a number of available books and manuals Anderson (2005). It is sufficient here to recall a few of the most important notions necessary for considerations of the brittle matrix composites. 

The basic theory of dielectric relaxation behaviour, pioneered by Debye, begins with a macroscopic treatment of frequency dependence. This treatment rests on two essential premises exponential approach to equilibrium and the applicability of the superposition principle. In outline, the argument is as follows. 

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