Beaufort scale

Beaufort scale The scale used for estimating and reporting wind forces, in which 0 is calm (velocity less than 0.5 m s" ) and 12 is a hurricane. 

Figure 6 Air-sea transfer velocities for carbon dioxide at 20°C as a function of wind speed at 10 m (m s or Beaufort Scale). The graph combines experimental data (points) and a theoretical line...

Sub-totoi for wind velocity range (%) Beaufort scale of wind velocity... 

Beaufort Scale Equivalent wind speeds and specifications for use on land and sea... 

For marine operations, the wind strength is described in terms of the Beaufort Scale (see Box 4.2). 

The Beaufort Wind Scale, invented in 1806 by Admiral Francis Beaufort, uses the numbers 0-12 to describe air movement one is a light breeze, seven is near gale, and a storm is ten. 

At the beginning of the nineteenth century (in 1805), the English admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) introduced the wind scale named after him. Beaufort numbers still... 

Zinc exchange between plant canopy and ground level troposphere is also responsible for the input of this trace metal to the air pool. One square meter of the canopy may annually exude up to 9 kg of Zn as a terpene component (Beaufort et al, 1975). During bacterial biometallization in sub-aquatic coastal areas, the formation and corresponding volatilization of organozinc species take place however, at present there is no quantitative parameterization of these processes in regional or global scale. 

The Beaufort Wind Scale was devised by British Rear-Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort in 1805 based on observations of the effects of the wind. 

Beaufort wind scale Ascaleofwind speed that was devised in the early 19th century by Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857). Originally based on observations of the effect of various wind speeds on the sails of a full-rigged frigate, it has since been modified and is now based on observations of the sea surface or, on land, such easily observable indicators as smoke and tree movement. The scale ranges from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane). 

Studies of deformations of an ice cover, its failure, natural ridging and rafting are of vital importance to ice forecasting, navigation and the safety of offshore structures. Waves as a mechanism of transfer of deformation energy play a part on the local scale and mesoscale. In this paper, we discuss the spectral structure of cyclic deformations of the ice floe. We mainly relied on the Sea Ice Mechanics Initiative (SIMI) field experiment, the Beaufort Sea, 1993-94. Of special interest were the data from the West FallWinter camp (75°N, 142°W ) set up on a 2.1 m thick multi-year ice floe. Tilt-meters, BP-Delta strainmeters and three-axis inertial accelerometers were applied in keeping the record (Fig 1). 

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