Beam Shadowing Effect

The Incident Ion beam Intensity can be measured, and there are several tabulations of cross-section calculations. ( ) Also, the analyzer parameters, T, D, and d6 can be determined. The three aspects of this equation, which are not well understood nor easily determined. Include the number of atoms of a particular kind, the Ion survival probability, and the shadowing or geometric term. The first quantity Is quite often that which you would like to determine. The second two are often difficult to separate. Shadowing can be particularly Important when trying to observe second layer effect or when trying to determine the location of adsorbates.( ) However, shadowing for polycrystalline samples, though Important, Is very difficult to deal with quantitatively. 

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