Basic Types of Hydro solvo thermal Reactions

2 Basic Types of Hydro(solvo)thermal Reactions 

The following reactions could be conducted under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions  

According to the reaction temperature, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis can be classified into subcritical and supercritical synthesis reactions. In subcritical synthesis, the temperature is in the range of 100 to 240 °C, while in supercritical synthesis, the temperature could reach 1000 °C and the pressure could reach 0.3 GPa. By using the special properties of solvent water and other reactants under supercritical high temperature and pressure, various syntheses with specific features could be conducted, resulting in the formation of numerous crystal materials with simple to very complex structures. In addition, it should be pointed out that some crystal materials cannot be obtained by using other preparation approaches except for using hydrothermal or solvothermal synthesis routes. 

So far, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis have been widely used in the 1) modification, 2) crystal growth and morphology control, 3) phase-transition study, and 4) discovery of new species of zeolites and porous materials. 

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