Baseline signature

Figure 16-17. Machinery analyses showing the comparison of baseline signature to signature before overhaul.

Comparative analysis directly compares two or more data sets in order to detect changes in the operating condition of mechanical or process systems. This type of analysis is limited to the direct comparison of the time-domain or frequency-domain signature generated by a machine. The method does not determine the actual dynamics of the system. Typically, the following data are used for this purpose (1) baseline data, (2) known machine condition, or (3) industrial reference data. 

A series of baseline or reference data sets should be taken for each machine-train included in a predictive-maintenance program. These data sets are necessary for future use as a reference point for trends, time traces, and FFT signatures that are collected over time. Such baseline data sets must be representative of the normal... 

Since variations in process variables, such as load, have a direct effect on the vibration energy and signature generated by a machine-train, the actual operating envelope for each baseline data set must also be clearly identified. If this step is omitted, direct comparison of other data to the baseline will be meaningless. The label feature in most vibration monitoring systems permits tagging the baseline data set with this additional information. 

Ben Affleck s signature shows persistence in the letter A , not in the t. He also has optimism and a perfectly straight baseline (perfectionist.) Notice he underlines his name, too. ... 

This is a reproduction of what I remember Curt s signature to he like. The last letters of his t and n extended far below the baseline (determination). I didn t have an original. 

The innate immune system is continuously under asymmetric attack by microbes and chemicals from the environment. The system baselines chemical and biochemical signatures through highly multiplexed arrays in order to sense an anomaly signature and mount a counter attack. 

The Ag nanorod substrates developed in the previous section were first applied to the detection of purified infectious agents. Initial studies were to determine whether the Ag nanorod substrate could be used to measure a SERS spectrum of a pathogen, and if so, would it be possible to differentiate between different pathogens based on their SERS spectra. SERS spectra of wild type strains of RSV (strain A2), HIV, influenza, and M pneumoniae (strain M129) were were collected from several locations from at least three different substrates Representative spectra (smoothed, baseline-corrected, and normalized) are plotted in Figure 3. Unique spectra, with very distinct SERS signatures, can be easily visualized for each infectious agent. 

Karl et al. detected VOCs at the Mauna Loa Baseline Station in March/April 2001 and thought that the abundance of acetone seemed to be partly influenced by biomass burning and domestic biofuel emissions [91]. It was revealed that secondary production of acetone and methanol in fire plumes over the Mediterranean could also be thought as characteristic biomass burning signatures, and the emissions of 25-31 and 29-35 Tg/year for acetone and methanol were estimated, respectively [87]. 

It is critical, therefore, to establish a site-relevant isotopic baseline for interpreting human skeletal data. Analyses of faunal remains provide a good estimate both of the animals themselves and the plants they consume. This is particularly important since in many areas while maize may be the only C4 plant cultivated and consumed directly by humans, other C4 grasses may exist and be consumed by grazing herbivores which pass on an enriched isotopic signature to their human consumers. Information from ethnohistoric and other sources, along with isotopic data for relevant food resources, may then be used to propose specific dietary mixing models to account for human bone isotope ratios (27). 

If there s a history of psychosis, assume delirium unless this is the usual relapse signature, with clear consciousness and minimal cognitive change from baseline (Box 55.1). 

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