Bandwidth extension

The Fourier frequency bandpass of the spectrometer is determined by the diffraction limit. In view of this fact and the Nyquist criterion, the data in the aforementioned application were oversampled. Although the Nyquist sampling rate is sufficient to represent all information in the data, it is not sufficient to represent the estimates o(k) because of the bandwidth extension that results from information implicit in the physical-realizability constraints. Although it was not shown in the original publication, it is clear from the quality of the restoration, and by analogy with other similarly bounded methods, that Fourier bandwidth extrapolation does indeed occur. This is sometimes called superresolution. The source of the extrapolation should be apparent from the Fourier transform of Eq. (13) with r(x) specified by Eq. (14). 

Bandwidth extension as the input impedance is reduced by the loop... 

To improve URT, we used a deconvolution technique. Our enhancement procedure is based on Papoulis deconvolution i.e. on an extension of the generalized inversion in the complementary bandwidth of the electro-acoustic set-up. 

The vibrational frequency of the special pair P and the bacteriochlorophyll monomer B have also been extracted from the analysis of the Raman profiles [39,40,42,44,51]. Small s group has extensively performed hole-burning (HB) measurements on mutant and chemically altered RCs of Rb. Sphaeroides [44,45,48-50]. Their results have revealed low-frequency modes that make important contribution to optical features such as the bandwidth of absorption line-shape, as well as to the rate constant of the ET of the RCs. 

In recent years, research into wireless networking has been dominated by the perceived need for high bandwidth access to data intensive files with extensive graphical, video and audio content. Bluetooth has been heralded as the low-power wireless standard of the future, but it is very much a high-bandwidth technology, designed to integrate portable devices into this communications infrastructure, and is relatively power... 

A family of vacuum-tube MMW sources is based on the propagation of an electron beam through a so-called slow-wave or periodic structure. Radiation propagates on the slow-wave structure at the speed of the electron beam, allowing the beam and radiation field to interact. Devices in this category are the traveling-wave tube (TWT), the backward-wave oscillator (BWO) and the extended interaction oscillator (EIO) klystron. TWTs are characterized by wide bandwidths and intermediate power output. These devices operate well at frequencies up to 100 GHz. BWOs, so called because the radiation within the vacuum tube travels in a direction opposite to that of the electron beam, have very wide bandwidths and low output powers. These sources operate at frequencies up to 1.3 THz and are extensively used in THZ spectroscopic applications [10] [11] [12]. The EIO is a high-power, narrow band tube that has an output power of 1 kW at 95 GHz and about 100 W at 230 GHz. It is available in both oscillator and amplifier, CW and pulsed versions. This source has been extensively used in MMW radar applications with some success [13]. 

When the effective on-site Coulomb repulsive energy (Geff) of the solid composed of Tt-radical molecules is smaller than the bandwidth (W), then the solid becomes a half-filled metal provided that the molecules stack uniformly without dimerization and can be described by a band picture. So far, no such radical molecules have been prepared. In order to decrease Ues and stabilize radical molecules chemically, a push-pull effect and an extension of the re-system have been implemented, though a large U ff and high reactivity (polymerization) are stiU crucial for the metallic transport. Table 2 summarizes selected organic conductors of neutral 7t-radical molecules. 

A resistor completed the circuit and signals were measured across the resistor. The laser was a flashlamp pumped tunable dye laser with a pulse duration of -1 ps and a peak power of several kW the bandwidth was 0.014 nm in the neighborhood of 589 nm. We used a stoichiometric H2-02 Ar flame of 1800 K, shielded with a mantle flame of identical composition. In the inner flame a 2500 pg/ml NaCl solution was nebulized. An extensive description of the experiment can be found elsewhere (7). 

Also, to facilitate the use of this detector an extensive computer software system has been written which allows the user almost unlimited freedom in the way that the data taken over the bandwidth of the detector may be plotted or displayed for visual examination. The linear photodiode arrays used as detectors have been shown to have a significant response in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. 

The Ru(bpy)3 + complex is a very good luminophore, and this and related complexes have been very extensively investigated [45, 101, 102, 108, 109). The emission band shapes have generally been fitted to Eqs. 18, 19, or some variation of these [25, 37-39, 110]. The small solvent-reorganizational contributions, inferred above, suggest that the broad emission bands are not just a consequence of contributions of the solvent-reorganizational energy in these equations. The bandwidth is also likely... 

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