Band merging

Dispersion in the sensor volume from band merging (oQy[)-... 

In our discussion we assume that for concentrations up to and some way beyond that at which the transition occurs the electrons remain in an impurity band separate from the conduction band. At higher concentrations, perhaps >3nc, the impurity band merges with the conduction band. This was first suggested by Alexander and Holcomb (1968). The evidence is summarized in Section 10. 

Figure 10 Axial banding of a binary mixture in a continuous-flow rotating drum (a) schematic drawing showing the form of axial banding merging with a continuous core and (b) 3D PET image, showing the same features.

Band merging and crisis) Show numerically that the period-doubling bifurcations of the 3-cycle for the logistic map accumulate near r = 3.8495..., to form three small chaotic bands. Show that these chaotic bands merge near r =3.857... to form a much larger attractor that nearly fills an interval. 

Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated for NbO, and there has been an XPS study of the semiconductor-to-metal transition in Nb02/ During this transition, the Nb 4d band shifts progressively towards the O 2p band with increasing temperature until above the transition temperature the two bands merge. 

Anisotropic noble nanoparticle dispersions are very different in colour compared to dispersions of spherical particles. This is because the surface plasmon bands are more sensitive to particle shape than size [92]. All the metal nanorods have two absorbance maxima that correspond to the longitudinal and transverse plasmon bands. The longitudinal plasmon band strongly depends on the aspect ratio. For example, platelets have additional quadrupole bands [96]. Upon transition from nanorods to platelets, as the aspect ratio decreases, the longitudinal band is blue-shifted and the transverse band becomes broad due to overlap with the quadrupole band. In cubes, all three plasmon bands merge into a single band. In contrast, transition from nanorods to nanowires increases the aspect ratio, which produces a resultant red shift of the longitudinal band and a blue shift of transverse band [83]. 

The absorption spectrum of the fully reduced polymer is dominated by the ir-7T transition. At low doping levels three low-energy absorption bands (0.7, 1,4, and 2.1 eV) are also apparent they have been attributed to transitions involving the polaron states [129], the first from the valence band to the lower polaron band, the second from the lower polaron band to the higher polaron band, and the third from the lower polaron band to the conduction band. Upon further doping, the three bands merge into two bands at 1.0 and 2.7 eV, corresponding to the transitions... 

The dependence of sample retention (A ) on gradient conditions (/q, A0), flow rate, and column volume is a source of frequent confusion. For example, if we decrease flow rate in the isocratic separation of a protein sample, the sample resolution almost always improves—because the column plate number is increased [Eq. (3)], and values of k and a are not affected. In gradient elution, on the other hand, a decrease in flow rate often leads to a decrease in resolution for some bands and an increase in resolution for others. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 for the separation of a lysozyme digest, where all conditions are the same in these two runs except for flow rate. In Fig. 3a, for a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, the two bands (arrows) that elute at about 28 min are well resolved. However, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min (Fig. 3b, arrow, 17 min), these two bands merge into a single band. The opposite situation is observed for two bands (arrows) that elute at about 42 min in Fig. 3a and 31 min in Fig. 3b. 

Note that the 3s and 3p bands merge. As a result, the bands are only partially filled. 

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