Bakker s equation

If 1 jvg is neglected in comparison with 1 jvi, the law of rectilinear diameter of Cailletet and Mathias ( 5.VIIB) gives llvi=A—BTy where A and B are constants, and r=abs. temp. Hence, from Bakker s equation ( 4.VIIIL), l. =alvi, it foUows that l —a A—BT), where a is van der Waals s constant. From Stefan s equation ( 6.VIII G),... 

Macleodi tried to improve Bakker s equation by introducing a variable van der Waals b ( 13.VIIC) and put (P=p+a/ 2) ... 

Sanfeld (1968) generalised Bakker s equation to a plane layer with an electric field normal to the interface... 

Although Gossart claimed that y was the same for substances of the same chemical class (alcohols, acids, esters, some chlorine derivatives), this was not found by Hock. Cantor found that y/a=7/3=2-33, where a=coefficient of expansion Bakker found the ratio 3 6 to 3 7 at the m.p. (except for water and allyl alcohol), and gave the equation y=2a+M5rc, where Tc=cntical temperature. Creighton found that surface tension followed Ramsay and Young s equation ( 8.VIII K) ... 

Van der Waals, whose theory has been further developed by Hulshoff and by Bakker, went one step further than Gibbs by assuming that there exists a perfectly continuous transition from one medium to the other at the boundary. This assumption limits him to the consideration of one particular case that of a liquid in contact with its own saturated vapour, and mathematical treatment becomes possible by the further assumption that the Van der Waals equation (see Chapter II.) holds good throughout the system. The conditions of equilibrium thus become dynamical, as opposed to the statical equilibrium of Laplace s theory. Van der Waals arrives at the following principal results (i) that a surface tension exists at the boundary liquid-saturated vapour and that it is of the same order of magnitude as that found by Laplace s theory (2) that the surface tension... 

He showed how the use of double logarithmic plots of the recovery strain against time, obtained for different stress levels, could be related to one another by shift factors the shift factors then could be related simply to gi and. The technique of step loading combined with Equation (10.22) has been used also by Crook [18] and Lai and Bakker [19]. Schapery s model has been applied to nitrocellulose, fibre-reinforced phenolic resin and pol3dsobutylene [17], polycarbonate [18] and high-density polyethylene [19]. 

---