B esters

It is convenient to consider the indiflferent or neutral oxygen derivatives of the hydrocarbons—(a) aldehydes and kelones, (b) esters and anhydrides, (c) alcohols and ethers—together. All of these, with the exception of the water-soluble members of low molecular weight, are soluble only in concentrated sulphuric acid, i.e., fall into Solubility Group V. The above classes of compounds must be tested for in the order in which they are listed, otherwise erroneous conclusions may be drawn from the reactions for functional groups about to be described. 

A Ester treatment first with DIBAL and then with [(C2H50)2P(0) CFC02C2H5], B ester added to a solution of [(C2H50)2P(0) CFC02C2H5] and then reduced by DIBAL. Isolated yields are based on R cOOR ... 

The carboxyl groups of amino acids undergo all the simple reactions common to this functional group. Reaction with ammonia and primary amines yields unsubstituted and substituted amides, respectively (Figure 4.9a,b). Esters... 

The main chemical products produced from these minerals are (a) boron oxides, boric acid and borates, (b) esters of boric acid, (c) refractory boron compounds (borides, eu .), (d) boron halides, (e) boranes and carbaboranes and (f) organoboranes. The main industrial and domestic uses of boron compounds in Europe (USA in parentheses) are ... 

Meng Q, Yu M, Zhang H et al (2007) Synthesis and application of /V-hydroxysuccinimidyl rhodamine B ester as an amine-reactive fluorescent probe. Dyes Pigm 73 254—260... 

Figure 4.19. Continuous catalysis with non-covalently functionalized dendrimers a) acid-, b) ester-functionalized guest. (Reprinted with permission from ref. 33. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society)...

Figure 4.1 Summary of structural requirements for high teratogenic potency of carboxylic acids, a) Information obtained or derived from (50-58]. b) Esters of carboxylic...

The conjugate addition of unstabilized enolates to various acceptors was conceptually recognized by early researchers however, complications were encountered depending on the enolates and acceptors employed. Reexamination of this strategy was made possible by the development of techniques for kinetic enolate formation. This discussion is divided into three enolate classes (a) aldehyde and ketone enolates, azaenolates or equivalents, (b) ester and amide enolates, dithioenolates and dienolates and (c) a,0-carboxylic dianions and a-nitrile anions, in order to emphasize the differential reactivity of various enolates with various acceptors."7 The a-nitrile anions are included because of their equivalence to the hypothetical a-carboxylic acid anion. 

Diethylene glycol 200 B Esters general use with polar compounds... 

The important methods for the protection of phenols are very similar to those used for the alcoholic hydroxyl group (Section 5.4.6, p. 550), namely (a) ether formation, and (b) ester formation. 

---