Azimuthal direction

Azimuth Direction of a course measured in a clockwise direction from 0° to 360° as North also bearing. 

A second choice to be made relates to the size of the flow domain. It may be worthwhile to limit the calculational job by reducing the size of the flow domain, e.g., by identifying an axis or plane of symmetry, or, in a cylindrical vessel with baffles mounted on the wall, due to periodicity in the azimuthal direction. Commercial software accomplishes these choices by means of symmetry cells and cyclic cells, respectively although such choices reduce the size of the simulation, they may eliminate the possibility of finding the real (asymmetric, unstable, or transient) 3-D flow field. The presence of feed pipes or drain or withdrawal pipes may also make the use of symmetry or cyclic cells impossible. Again, this issue only plays a role in RANS-type simulations. 

Let tpAZ represents the beamwidth in the azimuth direction. Then the horizontal mainbeam beamwidth equals... 

Figure 4.4. Relative internal correlation function /2(r)//2(0). The ratio is calculated using Eqs. (4.29) with the values eo = 70.5, te = tt= lOOps, and < = <<5 2>sin2e0=0.0149, which corresponds to an rms angular libra-tion of 7° in both the polar and 0 12 3 4 5 azimuthal directions. The dashed line...

As the refractive index within the slice depends on the vertical coordinate only, TE and TM modes can propagate independently in the slices, and Eqs (35) and (36) are fully applicable to this geometry without any change, too. Since we are interested in the propagation of waves in the azimuthal direction, it is advantageous to decompose the Hertz vectors into the eigenmodes of the slice as follows ... 

In the texture pattern described in this chapter, the background was approximated by a Gaussian curve from three different radial profiles, since there can be some deviations from the average radial profile in different directions which can lead to over- or underestimations of the background. Each profile was averaged over 3° in the azimuthal direction the directions... 

Dispersion coefficients were obtained by assuming that all dispersion occurs in the azimuthal direction, perpendicular to the flow, and by assuming that the annulus is a thin, infinitely wide slab. This is not unreasonable since the bed is thin compared with its radius, and the tracer is typically distributed over one quadrant. The steady state equation is... 

Figure 7.9 shows RHEED patterns obtained with 30keV electrons impinging on clean surfaces of optimized ZnO thin films grown on r-, a-, and c-plane sapphire. The azimuthal directions of the two types of RHEED images of the c-axis oriented ZnO films (on a- and c-sapphire) are [flOO] (top) and [2110] (bottom) [52]. 

Write the simplified heat-conduction equation for (a) steady one-dimensional heat flow in cylindrical coordinates in the azimuth (< ) direction and (b) steady onedimensional heat flow in spherical coordinates in the azimuth (0) direction. 

Together with PAP, photo-induced depoling (PID) is another interesting phenomenon at the interface of photochemistry and organic nonlinear optics. Indeed, PID of poled polymers occurs when NLO chromophores, which are oriented in a polar manner, undergo photoisomerization without applied dc field. The chromophores lose their initial polar orientation after photoisomerization and reorientation in azimuthal directions around the initial polar axis, thereby erasing FID has been observed both by photo-induced destruction of EO Pockels and by second harmonic generation. The first published PID experiments have been reported for DRl in PMMA, and the theory of PID is discussed in detail in reference 25. 

Figure 1. Top (upper) and side (lower) view along the [011] azimuth of a Cu 100 -c(2x2) alloy defining azimuthal directions and important geometric parameters. Within the side view the spacing between adjacent layers has been artificially increased for clarity.

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