Azima tetracantha

Bennett, R.N. et al., Profiling glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other secondary metabolites in tissues of Azima tetracantha L. (Salvadoraceae), J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 5856, 2004. 

Azimine (66) from the leaves of Azima tetracantha on hydrolysis provides (+)-azimic acid (55,R=H n=5), a total stereospecific synthesis of this compound, and also of (+)-carpamic acid, from (+)-glucose has been described (S. Hanessian and R. Frenette, Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 3391). 

Rail, G. J. H., Smalberger, T. M., De Waal, H. L., and Arndt, R. R. (1967). Dimeric piperdine alkaloids from Azima tetracantha azimine, azcarpine, and carpaine. Tetrahedron Lett. 3465-3469. 

Azima tetracantha is a flowering shrub that grows in India with a seed oil content of 12% (Daulatabad et al., 1991). Major fatty acids are linoleic (28.8%), linolenic acid (22%) and oleic acid (15.3%), with smaller amounts of palmitic (5.2%), myristic (4.2%), lauric (3.5%) and stearic (1.6%). This seed contains three unusual fatty acids ricinoleic (9.8%), malvalic (4.0%) and sterculic (5.6%). 

Brunfelsia americana is a free flowering shrub native to tropical America. The oil content of the seed is 30%. The major fatty acids are C18 2, C18 l, C16 0 and C18 0 at 58.8,16.9, 9.7 and 5%, respectively (Daulatab and Hosamani, 1991 Daulatabad et al., 1991). Fatty acids as reported in Azima tetracantha are found in this shrub ricinoleic acid (5%), malvalic acid (1.1%) and sterculic acid (1.4%). 

Outer R W D, van Veenendaal W L H 1981 Wood and bark anatomy of Azima tetracantha Lam. (Salvadoraceae) with descriptions of its included phloem. Acta Bot Neerl 30 199-207... 

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