Avicennas Theory of Efficient Causation

Turning now to Avicenna, we must start with his account of efficient causation. While Aristotle defines efficient cause as the primary cause of change or rest , Avicenna distinguishes between two types of efficient causes iliaJa iliyya), or agents fiVit) He writes  

In contrast to causes of existence, natural efficient causes are, in one respect, not true and essential bi-l-dhdt) efficient causes, but onfy have an accidental bi-l- arad) and auxiliary mu ln) activlty As a principle of motion, a natural efficient cause prepares mu idd, muhayyt) matter to receive a new form, and it does so by effecting motion therein. Another, metaphysical efficient 

Avicenna, Uakiyydt, VI.1,257 (Marmura s translation, 195, with slight adjustment). Avicenna, Uakiyydt, VI.2,265. 

Avicenna, Ildhiyydt, VI.2, 265. On essential and accidental causes, see TabFiyydt, I.I.12, 74-75 Nqjdt, 521. On amdUary causes, see TabV dt, IJ.10,65. 

13 Avicenna, Tabriyydt, I.I.io, 65. We return to Avicenna s conception of preparedness in the next chapter. 

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