Average distance between

If the average distance between obstacles is L, the run time between obstacles is... 

Scale of segregation A measure of the average distance between clumps of the same component in a mixture. 

Striation thickness Average distance between adjacent interfaces of materials to be mixed by a laminar mechanism. 

Suppose, for example, that the conductor A initially bears a negative charge on its surface—that is to say, a certain number of electrons are distributed over its surface. When the whole of this charge has been transferred to the smaller sphere B, the same number of electrons are distributed over a small surface area the average distance between the electrons is smaller than before to Fiu j5... 

In water at room temperature some molecules have more than four nearest neighbors, but at any moment the majority have four neighbors, as in ice. If the molecules tend to have a tetrahedral arrangement like that of ice, the average distance between next-nearest neighbors would be... 

Figure 12-32. ( uiiccnluiliuil dependence of llie hole nuibiliiy for UDAD ill pulysulfunc olMuincd from iransiciu absorption data. The abscissa scale shows ihc average distance between the UDAD molecules (Ref. (961). 

At room temperature, the average speed of a nitrogen molecule is found to be about one-quarter mile per second. In one second, however, the nitrogen molecule has collided with many other molecules, so its motion follows a zig-zag path. Although the average distance between molecules is small, the molecule passes by many other molecules without hitting them, so the distance it travels between collisions is about fifteen times the average distance between the molecules (at room pressure and temperature). 

FIG. 33 X-Ray Diffraction Patterns of Ammonium Dodecane 1-Sulfonate. 2-D (a) and 3-D plots (b) of oriented samples. Both pictures show the presence of a nonordered smectic phase, since the diffuse, weak, wide-angle diffraction indicates only an average distance between the molecules and the sharp, intense small angle reflections a very well defined layer distance. The reflections are perpendicular to each other, so the structure should correspond to an orthogonal smectic A type. The pictures were obtained using an x-1000 area detector from Siemens. 

Hitherto it has been assumed that Tg corresponds to the classical equilibrium (or quantum-mechanical average) distance between the non-bonded atoms in the absence of interaction. It is inherent in the proper application of first-order perturbation theory that the perturbation is assumed to be small. In the case of the hindered biphenyls, however, it is known from the calculations cited in the introduction that the transition state is distorted to a considerable extent. The hydrogen atom does not occupy the same position relative to the bromine atom that it... 

Root-mean-square end-to-end distance, which effectively takes account of the average distance between the first and the last segment in the macromolecule, and is always less that the so-called contour length of the polymer. This latter is the actual distance from the beginning to the end of the macromolecule travelling along the covalent bonds of the molecule s backbone. Radius of gyration, which is the root-mean-square distance of the ele-... 

When a sound wave, propagated by a series of compression and rarefaction cycles, passes through a liquid medium it causes the molecules to oscillate aroimd their mean position. During the compression cycle the average distance between molecules is reduced and, conversely, it is... 

Due to the presence of uronic acids, pectins are polyelectrolytes the electrostatic properties depend directly on the charge parameter (X) related to the average distance between 2 charged groups on the chain. The charge parameter is given by ... 

As a increases, the average distance between ionized groups decreases so that these neighbouring groups begin to have an effect. When a exceeds 0-3, individual water spheres begin to overlap and eventually coalesce into a cylindrical form. With further increases in a, a second outer cylindrical sheath of water appears in which water molecules are oriented by the cooperative effect of two or more carboxyl groups. 

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