Automotive electrical energy requirements

Ultrasonic welding, used increasingly in the aerospace, automotive, electrical, and electronics industries. The process requires simpler surface preparation and less energy and allows welding of thinner sheets to thicker structural members. 

If only drive-related functions are considered, there are a number of states in which the automotive battery is active, ranging from maintaining on-board computers to providing all the energy required for electric drive. Five scenarios are mapped against function in Table 11.6 and sketched in Fig. 11.5. These are as follows. 

This review of work on additives to the positive plate shows that a variety of effects can be achieved. The choice of additives is very dependent on the intended application and corresponding battery requirements. Additives that enhance material utilization and/or reduce plate weight may be desirable for batteries in electric vehicles, where high specific energy is required. In automotive batteries. 

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