Automation of wet chemical methods

Titrations can be automated and controlled by a microprocessor. The titrant is delivered via an automatic burette and the end-point is detected potentiometrically 

The microprocessor control also enables the instrument to be set to calculate pA a values directly from the pH profile it obtains by titration of a sample. A sample changer can be incorporated so that several samples can be automatically titrated. 

Flow injection analysis (FIA) represents a refinement of wet chemical methods. 

Since a number of factors are involved in the optimisation, some time is required to develop the method. However, when set up, the method can replace titrations and replicate analyses can be conducted very quickly with minimal consumption of reagents. 

Calibration of Karl Fischer FIA method for determination of residual in water in pharmaceuticals. The analyte was methanol containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5% w/v water. 

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