Auramine, carcinogenicity

Carcinogens such as auramine (manufacture thereof), polycyclic hydrocarbons and isopropyl alcohol (90/394/ EEC, Annex 1)... 

Substances, preparations, and processes according to annex I of the carcinogens and mutagens directive 90/679/EEC (now 2004/37/EC i. e. auramine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and hardwood dusts, see also Section 6.4). 

In this series of bioassay experiments, several carcinogens failed to transform certain batches of hamster embryo cells, presumably because of a lack of endogenous enzymes required for the metabolic activation of these compounds. In short-term bacterial and mammalian cell mutagenesis systems, these enzymes are routinely provided by the addition of rat liver homogenates. As mentioned earlier, diethylnitrosamine and urethane, which failed to transform hamster embryo cells directly, were activated in a host-mediated in vivo-in vitro cell transformation assay in which the chemicals were inoculated intraperitoneally. In our laboratory, when A -2-acetylaminofluorene, 4-aminoazobenzene, auramine, diethylnitrosamine, 3-methoxy-4-aminoazoben-zene, Natulan, 2-nitrofluorene, p-rosaniline, and urethane were tested in the presence of hamster liver homogenates and appropriate cofactors, all except 4-aminoazobenzene gave positive results. The liver homogenates were prepared from hamsters that were not treated with enzyme inducers such as Aroclor 1254 or phenobarbital. 

Group 1 Proven Human Carcinogenic Exposures Aluminum production Auramine manufacture Boot and shoe manufacture and repair Chimney sweeping Coal gasiUeation Coal tar distillation Coke produetion... 

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