Augmented breath

Orem J, Trotter RH. Medullary respiratory neuronal activity during augmented breaths in intact unanesthetized cats. J Appl Physiol 1993 74 761-769. 

Takeda M, Matsumoto S. Discharge patterns of dorsal and ventral respiratory group neurons during spontaneous augmented breaths observed in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Brain Res 1997 749 95-100. 

Chemiack NS, von Euler C, Glogowska M, Homma 1. Characteristics and rate of occurrence of spontaneous and evoked augmented breaths. Acta Physiol Scand 1974 111 349-360. 

Glogowska M, Richardson PS, Widdicombe JC, Winning AJ. The role of the vagus nerves, peripheral chemoreceptors and other afferent pathways in the genesis of augmented breaths in cats and rahhits. Respir Physiol 1972 16 179-196. 

The third example examines what happens if we instruct Robovox to sustain phonation for a long stretch of time (e.g. 13 seconds) without taking a breath. This is done by augmenting the duration of the Artword object in the script for our simple phonation example ... 

Loss of alveolar surfactant activity is likely to have pathophysiological consequences. These might include an increase in the work of breathing, owing to focal or widespread atelectasis (222) augmentation of pulmonary edema, consequent to a reduction in interstitial hydrostatic pressure (223) and increased susceptibility to infection, owing to loss of the antibacterial properties of surfactant (97). Because many of the adverse effects of surfactant deficiency can be reversed... 

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