ATR membrane cell

Either one side or both sides of the IRE may be covered with a polymer layer. 

Especially for aqueous samples the flow velocity should be selected carefully. On one hand it should be sufficiently large to decrease the Nern.st diffusion layer (see Sec. 6.5.3.3). On the other hand the flow velocity is not allowed to exceed a certain limit in order to avoid damaging the membranes. 

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