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ATP-generating organelles

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that are energy-generating machines. The electron transport chain is key to ATP generation in mitochondria. [Pg.236]

Many of the biochemical processes that generate chemical energy for the cell take place in the mitochondria. These organelles contain the biochemical equipment necessary for fatty acid oxidation, di- and tricarboxylic acid oxidation, amino acid oxidation, electron transport, and ATP generation. In this experiment, a mitochondrial fraction will be isolated from beef heart muscle. The mitochondria will be analyzed for protein content and fractionated into submitochondrial particles. Each fraction will be analyzed for malate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase activities. [Pg.357]

Figure 16.4 The microtubule motor protein kinesin. Kinesin consists of two ATP-hydrolyzing subunits that contact microtubules, a stem region, and regions that interact with vesicle and organelle proteins. One ATPase subunit binds and hydrolyses ATP, generating the force required to advance it forward. As this happens, the other subunit releases ADP, in preparation for binding another ATP, and its own advancement. Figure 16.4 The microtubule motor protein kinesin. Kinesin consists of two ATP-hydrolyzing subunits that contact microtubules, a stem region, and regions that interact with vesicle and organelle proteins. One ATPase subunit binds and hydrolyses ATP, generating the force required to advance it forward. As this happens, the other subunit releases ADP, in preparation for binding another ATP, and its own advancement.
Fig. 4 Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) can cause either severe ATP depletion and cell necrosis, or caspase activation and apoptosis, (a) Opening of the MPT pore allows a reentry of protons through the pore, thus bypassing ATP synthase and preventing mitochondrial ATP generation. MPT also causes an influx of water driven by the oncotic pressure of matrix proteins. The outer membrane ruptures from matrix swelling, (b) When MPT only occurs in some mitochondria, the unaffected organelles synthesize enough ATP to prevent necrosis, while the affected mitochondria release cytochrome c, which activates caspases to trigger apoptosis. However, when MPT occurs in all mitochondria, severe ATP depletion causes cell swelling, rupture of the cell plasma membrane and necrosis... Fig. 4 Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) can cause either severe ATP depletion and cell necrosis, or caspase activation and apoptosis, (a) Opening of the MPT pore allows a reentry of protons through the pore, thus bypassing ATP synthase and preventing mitochondrial ATP generation. MPT also causes an influx of water driven by the oncotic pressure of matrix proteins. The outer membrane ruptures from matrix swelling, (b) When MPT only occurs in some mitochondria, the unaffected organelles synthesize enough ATP to prevent necrosis, while the affected mitochondria release cytochrome c, which activates caspases to trigger apoptosis. However, when MPT occurs in all mitochondria, severe ATP depletion causes cell swelling, rupture of the cell plasma membrane and necrosis...
Mitochondrion A subcellular organelle in which oxidative phosphorylation occurs, leading to the generation of ATP. [Pg.333]

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.89 , Pg.98 , Pg.107 ]



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ATP generation

Organell

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