Atomic number hybridization

Electron arrangement Number of atomic orbitals Flybridization of the central atom Number of hybrid orbitals... 

Complexes of d- and /-block metals can be described in terms of hybridization schemes, each associated with a particular shape. Bearing in mind that the number of atomic orbitals hybridized must be the same as the number of hybrid orbitals produced, match the hybrid orbitals sp1d, sp fd , and sp d3f to the following shapes (a) pentagonal bipyramidal ... 

This system is based on the observations (Pauling 1947) that a linear relation between single-bond radius and atomic number holds for bonds of constant hybrid character, and that for an element the single-bond radius is (at least approximately) linearly dependent on the d character of the dsp hybrid bond orbitals. 

Number of pairs on central atom and hybrid type... 

Atomic Orbitals Hybrid Type Number of Orbitals Structure... 

A set of empirical equations representing the single-bond radius of a transition element as a function of atomic number and degree of hybridization of the bond orbitals has been formulated.28 These... 

Hybrid orbital Atomic orbitals hybridized Number of hybrid orbitals Angle of hybrid s orbital Example... 

There is no way to predict off-hand the angles between a set of hybrid orbitals without elaborate mathematical calculations, so the geometry of the orbitals is a matter that the be-gihner simply has to remember. The important distinction between simple atomic and hybrid orbitals lies in the fact that hybrid orbitals are much more concentrated into one direction in space than are atomic orbitals, and they have a different geometrical relation to one another. Table 4.7 lists various hybrid orbitals and their general geometries. The numbers listed in the table under overlap strength provide a measure of the relative concentration of the orbitals into one direction. 

The HOMO, 4ai (only valence shell orbitals are numbered), represents a combination of halogen p AOs destabilized by an antibonding interaction with a central atom sp hybrid orbital. Thus this MO is antibonding E—Hal MO in nature and has quite a large contribution from a central atom valence s orbital. This explains the quite low IEs observed for ionizations from 4a 1 MO, incompatible with a lone-pair orbital mainly localized on the central atom. This MO determines the Lewis base properties of the central atom in EHal2. 

---