Atomic angular momentum

For a diatomic molecule, the orbital motion of the two nuclei about each other (the rotational motion) satisfies exactly the same equations, except that the upper limit imposed on / by the principal quantum number n does not apply. By convention, we write the angular momentum of a molecule as J, to distinguish it from the atomic angular momentum L ... 

The use of real spherical harmonics is particularly bothersome. It has been demonstrated convincingly that the notion of geometrical sets of oriented real atomic angular momentum wave functions is forbidden by the exclusion principle. The use of such functions to condition atomic densities therefore cannot produce physically meaningful results. The question of increased density between atoms must be considered as undecided, at best. 

It is assumed that the atomic angular momentum is strongly coupled to the collision axis so that its projection on this axis is conserved during the collision [76]. Then for a rectilinear trajectory one has... 

It is hard to show theoretically that the average values of the atomic angular momentum operators in X J of Eq. (41) are localized. Physically, this requirement can be understood to imply that there be no long-range circulation of electrons in other words, each electron circulation is confined to localized orbitals. However, the usual model for aromatic compounds that involves a molecular ring current would indicate that this class of molecules cannot be treated by localized theories. There is also question as to whether small strained rings meet this locali-... 

Now consider what happens when a atom is at a position in space where the polarization is circular a" ", that is, with positive angular momentum of the li t along the axis of quantization. An atom at that place will be optically pumped into the state of highest projection of the atomic angular momentum along the quanti2 ition axis, m = +1/2. This is also the state that has the... 

The other limiting case of the interaction hierarchy (5a << Uo between the fine splitting of atom levels and ion-quadrupole interaction potential leads to the ciuasiniolcculc (luantum numbers JMj, where M is the projection of the atom angular momentum onto the quasimolecule axis. In this limiting case formula (22) for the ion-atom exchange interaction potential takes the form for the process (28)... 

In 11.3.4 we mentioned that the electrons in the atomic shell have Russell-Saunders coupling (11.18), J = L + S, where J is referred to as the internal quantum number. The magnetic field created by the electrons interacts with that caused by the nuclear spin to yield the grand atomic angular momentum vector... 

The elimination of Doppler broadening in this experiment allows the clear observation of hyperfine structure that arises from the interaction of electronic and nuclear angular momenta. The total atomic angular momentum is... 

In order to obtain the total (atomic) angular momentum (mechanical moment), we must put the quantum numbers together... 

When the individual electron spin-orbit interaction energy prevails over the spin-orbit interactions of different electrons, we first have to sum the orbital and spin moments of every electron (to obtain all /), then sum these / and further obtain the total atomic angular momentum quantum numbers and finally the overall quantum number 7, characterizing the total angular momentum of the atom. This type of binding is called a j-j bond. Since the spin-orbit interaction is proportional to Z, this type of binding occurs mainly in heavy atoms. We will not consider further this type of coupling. 

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