ASTRA PRODUCTS

A highly optimized and concise large-scale synthesis of a purine bronehodilator was developed by the Astra Production Chemical company from Sweden [6], Supplies for the initial biological studies were generated by the medieinal ehemistry route shown in Scheme 5. The overall yield was about 14%, which was improved in the environmentally friendly manufacturing process to about 51% (Seheme 6 and Scheme 7). 

At the macroscopic scale, punching is a common method of producing holes in thin materials. Since both punching and hot embossing involve similar actions, it seems reasonable to attempt to combine the two processes. In the current study, a mated tool pair with punch and die features is demonstrated. The tool pair can be used in a conventional embossing machine such as that described in [9]. The through-holes are punched in 525 xm thick Clarex PMMA produced by Astra Products. 

Based on the framework of economic development, energy prices, hydrogen car penetration and the structure of renewable hydrogen production described in the previous sections, the hydrogen car s high-penetration scenario of HyWays is simulated with the ASTRA model and the results are compared with the BAU scenario. Figure 18.14... 

In the area of metal catalyzed asymmetric sulfoxidation there is still much room for improvement. The most successful examples involve titanium tartrates, but at the same time often require near stoichiometric quantities of catalysts [301, 302]. Recently, this methodology has been successfully used for the production of (S)-Omeprazole by AstraZeneca [303] (see Fig. 4.110). A modified Kagan-pro-cedure [302] was applied, using cumene hydroperoxide as the oxidant. Another example is the sulfoxidation of an aryl ethyl sulfide, which was in development by Astra Zeneca as a candidate drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. In this case the final ee could be improved from 60% to 80% by optimising the Ti tar-trate ratio [304]. 

Herbert J. E. Adams, Bertil H Takman, Inc. (1977) Astra Pharmaceutical Products, 629-633, 1. 

After the Second World War, the local anesthetic Xylocain was introduced by A.B. Astra, Sweden, and this rapidly gained a major international market. Xylocain remains a particularly suitable pain-protecting product, notably for tooth extraction. Thus, Astra had achieved an exclusive business situation, as all 27 conceivable chemical procedures of forming Xylocain 18a were protected by suitable patents [66]. 

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