Asteroids chondritic chemical abundances

Water and carbon play critical roles in many of the Earth s chemical and physical cycles and yet their origin on the Earth is somewhat mysterious. Carbon and water could easily form solid compounds in the outer regions of the solar nebula, and accordingly the outer planets and many of their satellites contain abundant water and carbon. The type I carbonaceous chondrites, meteorites that presumably formed in the asteroid belt between the terrestrial and outer planets, contain up to 5% (m/m) carbon and up to 20% (m/m) water of hydration. Comets may contain up to 50% water ice and 25% carbon. The terrestrial planets are comparatively depleted in carbon and water by orders of magnitude. The concentration of water for the whole Earth is less that 0.1 wt% and carbon is less than 500 ppm. Actually, it is remarkable that the Earth contains any of these compounds at all. As an example of how depleted in carbon and water the Earth could have been, consider the moon, where indigenous carbon and water are undetectable. Looking at Fig. 2-4 it can be seen that no water- or carbon-bearing solids should have condensed by equilibrium processes at the temperatures and pressures that probably were typical in the zone of fhe solar... 

Some carbonaceous chondrites are rich in carbon (Cl and CM chondrites have 1.5-6% carbon), but others are not. Carbonaceous chondrites are now defined on the basis of their refractory elemental abundances, which equal or exceed those in Cl chondrites. Carbonaceous chondrites are derived from very diverse asteroids, which probably formed in very different locations. The parent bodies of Cl and CM chondrites are highly altered, yet the parent bodies of CH and CB chondrites are less altered than all other chondrite bodies. Young et al (1999) infer from oxygen isotopic compositional data that Cl, CM, and CV chondrites could have been derived from different zones in a single, aqueously altered body. However, bulk chemical differences between these groups indicate fractionation during nebular processes, not aqueous alteration (see below), and the components in CM and CV chondrites are quite different. 

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