Astbury

Astbury, W. T., and Street, A. (1931). X-ray studies of the structures of hair, wool and related fibres. I. General. Trans. R. Soc. Land. A230, 75-101. 

In the early 1930s W. T. Astbury and his coworkers observed that the stretched, moist hair showed a drastic change in its X-ray diffraction pattern, compared with the dry, unstretched hair. This was interpreted as two forms of the pol q)eptide chain. One was the extended form, p-keratin, eventually called the P-pleated sheet. The other was the coiled form, a-keratin, eventually called the a-helix. 

Astbury, W. T. Street, A., X-ray Studies of the Structure of Hair, Wool and Related Fibres. I. General. Trans. R. Soc. London 1931, A230,75 Astbury, W. T. Woods, H. J., II. The Molecular Structure and Elastic Properties of Hair Keratin. ibid. 1934, A232, 333 Astbury, W. T. Sisson, W. A., III. The Configuration of the Keratin Molecule and its Orientation in the Biological Cell, Proc. R. Soc. London 1935, A150, 533. 

Figure 7 Electrospray ion source (From www.astbury.leeds.ac.uk/Facil/Mstut/ mstutorial.htm. With permission from Dr. A. E. Ashcroft, University of Leeds, UK).

Morgan SJ, Astbury NJ Inadvertent self administration of superglue a consumer hazard. Br MedJ 289 226-227, 1984... 

I Open systems in one dimension here the chains are cross linked to form sheets, axially pleated, with the direction of the chain and the hydrogen bonds roughly at right angles. The type of this is the Astbury / structure of silk and stretched KMEF proteins. 

Structural and Functional Relationships in Fibrous Proteins William Astbury discovered that the x-ray pattern of wool shows a repeating structural unit spaced about 5.2 A along the length of the wool fiber. When he steamed and... 

To reduce exposures, high-power X-ray tubes have been developed the limiting factor here is the heat generated at the focal spot on the target. To avoid melting, the target is rotated so that the heat is spread over an increased area (Muller, 1929 Astbury and Preston, 1934 Peiser, Rooksby, and Wilson, 1955). 

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