Arylchlorides Suzuki reactions

The Suzuki-Miyaura reactions with relatively inert arylchloride are known to require palladium complexes possessing highly electron-rich ligands which favor the oxidative addition of the arylchloride into Pd(0)-complex (Scheme 11) [67-69]. Herrmann et al. showed that the utilization of NHC ligands with bulky substituents... 

Very promising results have also been observed using phosphonium-based ionic liquids in both Heck and Suzuki coupling reactions.[1012] Notably, good activities were obtained with arylchlorides as substrate, which in molecular solvents are often found to react only sluggishly, if at all. 

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