Artificial tongue chemometrics

Chemometric Brains for Artificial Tongues Paolo Oliver / M. Chiara Casolino, and ... 

In this review, a critical overview of artificial tongue applications over the last decade is outlined. In particular, the focus is centered on the chemometric techniques, which allow the extraction of valuable information from nonspecific data. The basic steps of signal processing and pattern recognition are discussed and the principal chemometric techniques are described in detail, highlighting benefits and drawbacks of each one. Furthermore, some novel methods recently introduced and particularly suitable for artificial tongue data are presented. 

The term artificial tongue is used in two main branches of science. The first one concerns the neurophysiological studies aimed at developing perceptual supplementation devices, with biomedical engineering applications to human disabilities. The second utilization of the term artificial tongue concerns, instead, the laboratory analytical instruments used in combination with chemometric techniques to obtain complex information (often sensory-like, but not only) on samples. As for this latter meaning, also the synonymous electronic tongue is frequently used, particularly for electroanalytical devices. 

Oliveri P, Casolino MC, Forina M (2010) Chemometric brains for artificial tongues. Adv Food NutrRes 61(61) 57-117... 

On the other hand, pattern recognition tools are widely employed for processing data in the field of electronic tongues and, more generally, of artificial senses. Nowadays, a large number of chemometric techniques, which are schematized in Fig. 2.7, are available, giving the... 

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