Artificial redox coenzymes

V., and Lowe, C.R. (1997) Synthesis and properties of new coenzyme mimics based on the artificial coenzyme Blue N-3. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 21, 327-334 (g) Burton, S.J., Stead, C.V., Ansell, R.J., and Lowe, C.R. (1996) An artificial redox coenzyme based on a triazine dye template. Enzyme Microb. Technol, 18, 570-580. 

Ansell, R. J. and Lowe, C. R. (1999) Artificial redox coenzymes biomimetic analogues of NAD(+). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 51,703-710. 

The acceleration mechanism of redox mediators are presumed by van der Zee [15]. Redox mediators as reductase or coenzymes catalyze reactions by lowering the activation energy of the total reaction. Redox mediators, for example, artificial redox mediators such as AQDS, can accelerate both direct enzymatic reduction and mediated/indirect biological azo dye reduction (Fig. 3). In the case of direct enzymatic azo dye reduction, the accelerating effect of redox mediator will be due to redox mediator enzymatic reduction in addition to enzymatic reduction of the azo dye. Possibly, both reactions will be catalyzed by the same nonspecific periplasmic enzymes. In the case of azo dye reduction by reduced enzyme cofactors, the accelerating effect of redox mediator will either be due to an electron shuttle between the reduced enzyme cofactor and redox mediator or be due to redox mediator enzymatic reduction in addition to enzymatic reduction of the coenzymes. In the latter case, the addition of redox mediator simply increases the pool of electron carriers. 

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