Artificial pigments

An artificial pigment analogous to the ochres is Mars yellow, consisting of a mixture of hydrated ferric oxide with calcium sulphate, alumina or zinc oxide of analogous composition are the pigments derived from it by more or less pronounced heating (Mars orange, red, brown, violet, purple). 

The substances from the tetrapyrrole class are remarkable both through the very deep colour and through the extreme stability to chemical and physical agents, which naturally go together according to the resonance theory. To this class belong the coloured constituent of the blood haemin and of plants chlorophyll, all derivatives of porphyrin and also the artificial pigments discovered by Linstead, the phthalocya-... 

The iron blues are the first of the artificial pigments with a known history and an established date of first preparation. The color was made by the Berlin color maker Diesbach in or around 1704. Moreover, according to Gettens and Stout (25), the material is so complex in composition and method of manufacture that there is practically no possibility that it was invented independently in other times or places. This fact, in addition to the evidence... 

Nakanishi, K. and Crouch, R. (1995) Application of artificial pigments to structure determination and study of photoinduced transformants of retinal proteins. Israel J. Chem. 35, 253-272. 

Aharoni, A., Ottolenghi, M., Sheves, M. Retinal isomerization in bacteiimhodopsin is controlled by specific chnnnophore-protein interactions. A study with noncovalent artificial pigments. Biochemistry 40, 13310-13319 (2001)... 

By the late eighteenth century, demands for paints of all t)q)es had increased such that it became worthwhile for businesses to make paints and varnishes for widespread use. l The industrial revolution had a major effect on the development of the paint industry due to the demand for paint to protect machinery, and this marked the start of modem paints. An acceleration of the rate of scientific discovery had a growing impact on the development of paints from the eighteenth century to the present day. Pmssian blue, the first artificial pigment with a known chemistry, was discovered in 1704. 1... 

Qiao, L. Xu, H. Sun, J. Determination of artificial pigment from meat products. Huagong Shikan 2007, 21, 52-54 Chem. Abstr. 2007, 148, 9806. 

Aharoni, A., B. Hou, et al. (2001). Non-isomerizable artificial pigments implications for the primary light-induced events in bacteriorhodopsin. Biochemistry 66,1499. 

B.c. Greeks and Romans made paints Romans prqpared artificial pigments, including white lead, litharge, red lead, and yellow lead pigments. 

Liu, S.Y., Ebrey, T., Zingoni, J., and Crouch, Fang, J.-M., and Nakanishi, K., Fast photoelectric response from artificial pigments of bacteriorhodopsin, Biop/zys. /., 51,134a, 1987 (Abstr.). 

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