Artificial neural networks Subject

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computing tools made up of simple, interconnected processing elements called neurons. The neurons are arranged in layers. The feed-forward network consists of an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer. ANNs are known to be well suited for assimilating knowledge about complex processes if they are properly subjected to input-output patterns about the process. 

This analogy between the brain and a hologram has often been enthusiastically embraced by those who know rather little about either subject, it is almost certainly unrewarding, for two reasons. A detailed mathematical analysis has shown that neural networks and holograms are mathematically distinct. More to the point, although [artificial] neural networks are built from units that have some resemblance to real neurons, there is no trace in the brain of the apparatus or processes required for holograms. (8)... 

Artificial neural network (ANN) is a new subject produced in the late 1980s with rapid development, is an information processing system based on the imitation of human brain structure and function. At present, the ANN has been widely applied to all areas of our lives. 

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