Articulatory phonology

Browman, C. R, and Goldstein, L. Articulatory phonology an overview. Phonetica... 

Boersma, P. Functional Phonology Formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives. PhD thesis. University of Amsterdam, 1998. 

Around 10 percent of children have an articulatory or phonological communication disorder, making it difficult for them to produce specific speech sounds. 

Therapies for children with phonological or articulatory communication disorders also emphasize phonological awareness. Speech and communication specialists wiU concentrate on making the speaker aware of minimal pairs or word pairs, such as bad and tad, which have only one different sound, in this case the /b/ and /1/. The person realizes that the intended meaning can be easily misconstrued if he or she does not properly pronounce each individual sound. Verbal and intraoral tactile cues are given to assist those who cannot pronounce specific sounds. 

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