Artesunate-amodiaquine

ACTs are currently recommended artemether-lume-fantrine, artesunate + amodiaquine, artesunate + mefloquine, artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine [1, 5]. In areas with amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance exceeding 20%, i.e., SE Asia, artesunate + mefloquine or artemether-lumefantrine should be used [1,5]. 

Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ, Arsucam) Coformulated first-line therapy in many African countries... 

As a response to increasing levels of antimalarial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that treatment policies in all countries experiencing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to conventional monotherapies should be combination therapies, preferably those containing artemisinin derivatives. Currently WHO recommends the following therapeutic options artesunate-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, artesunate-amodiaquine,... 

Artesunate + amodiaquine In an open, randomized, two-period, crossover study of artesunate and amodiaquine in fixed doses or non-fixed doses in 24 healthy subjects. 

Fajolu IB, Lesi FEA. Drug-induced acute dystonia in a 7 year old child following the use of artesunate-amodiaquine a case report. Int J Risk Saf Med 2010 22 111. ... 

Gu6vart E, Agu6mon A. Deux hepatites fulminantes survenues au cours d un traite-ment curatif par I association art6sunate-a-modiaquine. [Two cases of fulminant hepatitis during a curative treatment with an artesunate-amodiaquine combination.] Med Mai Infect 2009 39(1) 57-60. 

Pasaribu AP, Chokejindachai W, Sirivichayakul C, Tanomsing N, Chavez 1, Tjitra E, et al. A randomized comparison of dihydroartemis-inin-piperaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine combined with primaquine for radical treatment of vivax malaria in Sumatera, Indonesia. J Infect Dis December 1,2013 208(11) 1906-13. 

Adjei GO, Adabayeri VM, Aimobil SH. Reversible binocular visual loss in temporal association with artesunate-amodiaquine treatment in a child on mefloquine chemoprophylaxis. Ghana Med J September 2012 46(3) 171-3. 

Zwang J, Dorsey G, Djimde A, Karema C, M tesson A, Ndiaye JL, et al. Clinical tolerabiUty of artesunate-amodiaquine versus comparator treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria an individual-patient analysis of eight randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J 2012 11 260. 

Artemisinin and its derivatives, artesunate and arthemether, kill both asexual and sexual blood stages (Fig. 2). However, artemisinins are quickly eliminated from the body, resulting in parasite recrudescence, and are therefore combined with schizontocides that have a longer biological half-life, such as amodiaquine,... 

Mutabingwa TK, Anthony D, Heller A, Hallett R, Ahmed J, Drakeley C et al. Amodiaquine alone, amodiaquine-i-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, amodi-aquine-i-artesunate, and artemether-lumefantrine for outpatient treatment of malaria in Tanzanian children a four-arm randomised effectiveness trial. Lancet 2005 365(9469) 1474-80. 

Bukirwa H, Critchley J. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine for treating uncomplicated malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006. 

Comparative safety and activity study with FQ/Artesunate vs. Amodiaquine/ Artesunate in African adult patients. 

Rezbach, R, Some, E., Taylor, W.R.J. Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children a randomized, multicentre trial. Lancet 2002 359 1365-1372... 

Navaratnam V, Ramanathan S, Ab Wahab MS, Hua GS, Mansor SM, Kiechel J-R, Vaillant M, Taylor WRJ, OUiaro P. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of non-fixed and fixed combinations of artesunate and amodiaquine in Malaysian healthy normal volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009 65 809-21. 

Liver The risk of hepatitis in patients taking long-term amodiaquine has been estimated at one in 15 500, and two further cases have been reported in patients with malaria who were also given artesunate [2 ]. 

Srinivas NR. Single-dose pharmacokinetic interaction between artesunate and amodiaquine assembling the clues for the purported interaction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008 64(12) 1231-3. 

A series of artemisinin-based semisynthetic antimalarial derivatives, with all of them maintaining the key endoperoxide bridge, such as arteether (18), artemether (19), artesunate (20), and dihydroartemisinin (21), have been designed to improve the water solubility and the metabolic stability of artemisinin [53, 54], Among them, dihydroartemisinin (artenimol), is considered as a common active metaboUte of artemisinin derivatives [53, 54]. Currently, artemisinin-based therapies eombined with standard antimalarials such as amodiaquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, mefloquine, and lumefantrine are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as first-line therapies for malaria [55, 56]. 

McEwen J. Artesunate- and amodiaquine-associated extrapyramidal reactions a series of 49 cases in VigiBase. Drug Safety Int J Med Toxicol E>rug Exp August 1,2012 35(8) 667-75. 

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