Nephrotoxicity arsenic

It should be noted that in the majority of the above mentioned studies, metal-induced renal injury was considered as if exposure occurred to only one metal at a time. In reality it is clear that environmental and occupational exposure may involve several metals at the same time and in varying concentrations [34]. It has been shown that with combined exposure various metals may interact with each other and that one metal may alter the potential toxicity of another in either a beneficial or deleterious way. As an example, whilst arsenic has been shown to worsen cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity, data from experimental studies have shown that selenium may protect against the renal effects induced by cadmium [52]. Other studies have shown that the iron status may alter the toxic effects of aluminium at the level of the bone and the parathyroid gland [53,54], whilst in a recent increased lead accumulation was associated with disturbances in the concentration of a number of essential trace elements [55]. 

Liu J, liu Y, Habeebu SM, Waalkes MP, Klaassen CD. Chronic combined exposure to cadmium and arsenic exacerbates nephrotoxicity, particularly in metallothionein-l/ll null mice. Toxicology 2000,147 157-166. 

Hirata M, Tanaka A, Hisanaga A, Ishinishi N (1990) Effects of glutathione depletion on the acute nephrotoxic potential of arsenite and on arsenic metabolism in hamsters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 106 469-481 Hoffman JL (1980) The rate of transmethylation in mouse liver as measured by trapping S-adenosylhomocysteine. Arch Biochem Biophys 205 132-135 Hopenhayn-Rich C, Smith AH, Goeden HM (1993) Human studies do not support the methylation threshold hypothesis for the toxicity of inorganic arsenic. Environ Res 60 161-177... 

Safety/Toxicity Acute toxicity algal toxicity aluminum toxicity arsenic toxicity cytotoxicity - - - ecotoxicity - embryotoxicity marine toxicity nephrotoxicity ... 

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