Argon, atomic volume

C05-0144. The figures shown below represent mixtures of argon atoms and hydrogen molecules. The volume of container B is twice the volume of container A. 

The most probable translational energy for an atom in a gas at temperature T is equal to 3/2 KT where K = R/Ny is Boltzmann s constant. Calculate the degeneracy of the most probable energy level for an argon atom at 300 K and 1 bar pressure, assuming that the atom can be treated as a particle in a three dimensional box. The volume of the gas at these conditions is 0.022 m ... 

Note Some samples of gases may have equal values for these attributes. Assume the larger containers have a volume twice the volume of the smaller containers and assume the mass of an argon atom is twice the mass of a neon atom. 

The radius of an argon atom is 94 pm. Assuming the atom is spherical, what is the volume of an argon atom in nm V = AITnrf (Chapter 2)... 

At 20°C and a pressure of 1 atm, 1 mol argon gas occupies a volume of 24.0 L. Estimate the van de Waals radius for argon from the onset of the repulsive part of the argon intermolecular potential curve in Figure 9.18, and calculate the fraction of the gas volume that consists of argon atoms. 

Spontaneous nucleation of the type just described has been observed recently in computer simulation studies, and details of the nucleating structures have been reported,but the dependence of on T has not been studied (indeed this would be prohibitively costly at the moment). The nucleation rates in the simulation experiments can be approximately evaluated and are enormous, as is appropriate for argon and liquid metals. For instance, the observation of one nucleus forming in a sample of 5(X) atoms of a substance of atomic volume 40 cmVmol in a run of 1(X) psec implies a nucleation rate of 10 /cm sec. 

In some situations the entire photon energy E is not absorbed within the active detector volume. Where the initial photoelectric interaction takes place near the detector entrance window, there is a high probability that the K x-ray emitted by the excited argon atom will escape the sensitive detector volume. Consequently, the energy deposited in the counter will be... 

The year 1953 was important not only because of the Staudinger Nobel Prize, but also because it was the year that the structure of the macromolecule DNA was reported by James Watson and Francis Crick [5], which is the subject of another article in this volume by Ned Seeman [6]. Yet another important milestone was recorded in 1953, namely the first pubhshed use of a computer to carry out a simulation of liquid, albeit a liquid composed of argon atoms [7]. This seminal work, which was carried out on the famous MANIAC machine at Los Alamos National Laboratory, by Nick Metropolis and collaborators, was never honored with a Nobel Prize, but nonetheless had an enormous impact across the whole breadth of the physical and life sciences. Indeed, it is inconceivable today that one would attempt a research program dealing with either natural or synthetic macromolecules without the aid of computer simulation as a complement to their design, synthesis, and characterization [8]. 

A particularly powerful feature of BOSS is the flexibility in setting up the initial system. The options are controlled by choices in the par file. Stored, equilibrated boxes with up to 750 molecules are provided for 12 common solvents solutes can be automatically inserted into the center of these boxes and solvent molecules with serious steric conflicts can be removed. One can also Input any solvent box created by a pure-liquid simulation. For such custom solvents, the user provides the Z matrix, as in Figure 2, of one molecule of the liquid, which is replicated. The initial solvent box is created from a box of liquid argon scaled to the estimated volume of the custom solvent, with a central atom of the custom solvent molecules coincident with the argon atoms. Any of these boxes can also be used as a template to create new boxes of any size up to 3000 molecules. 

The volume of argon gas (measured at STP) required to form a complete mono-layer on a metal surface is 134.5 cm g L Calculate the surface area per gram of the metal if each argon atom occupies 1.58 x 10 20 m. ... 

As the volume of the residual gas decreased, its density increased. When all the nitrogen had apparently been absorbed, the volume was only about 1/lOOth of the parent sample of air, and the density had risen to 1.780 g litre". The resulting gas was chemically inactive it was unaffected when heated even with the most reactive substances, including fluorine, so when Rayleigh and Ramsay announced its discovery in 1894, it was named argon (Gk the lazy one ). Ramsay was also able to show that argon was a monatomic gas that is, its molecules consist of free argon atoms. 

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