Arctic size distributions

Wiedensohler, A P. Aalto, D. Covert, J. Heintzenberg, and P. H. McMurry, Intercomparison of Four Methods to Determine Size Distributions of Low-Concentration ( 100 cm-3), Ultrafine Aerosols (3 < D ) < 10 nm) with Illustrative Data from the Arctic, Aerosol Sci, Technol., 21, 95-109 (1994). 

M. Loewenstein, G. V. Ferry, K. R. Chan, and B. L. Gary, Particle Size Distributions in Arctic Polar Stratospheric Clouds, Growth, and Freezing of Sulfuric Acid Droplets, and Implications for Cloud Formation, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8015-8034 (1992). 

Dye, J.E., Baumgardner, D., Gandrud, B.M., Kawa, S.R., Kelly, K.K., Loewenstein, M., Ferry, G.V., Chan. K.R., and Gary, B.L. (1992) Particle size distributions in Arctic polar stratospheric clouds, growth and freezing of sulfuric arid droplets, and implications for cloud fotmation, J. Geophys. Res. 97,8015-8034. 

Fig. 7 Features of Arctic station Zeppelin size distributions. Location of the station is shown in the inset...

It is worthwhile to consider the special environments of some of the stations. In Arctic, the Arctic haze, in mountains, the transport from lower altitudes and the common inversion situations in Northern Italy can lead to very hard to reproduce size distributions, at least in large spatial scale models. 

Clarke A. D. (1989) In-situ measurements of the aerosol size distribution, physiochemistry and light absorption properties of Arctic haze. J. Atmos. Chem. 9, 255-266. 

Dreiling V. and Priederich B. (1997) Spatial distribution of the arctic haze aerosol size distribution in western and eastern Arctic. Atmos. Res. 44, 133-152. 

Covert DS, Wiedensohler A, Aalto P, Heintzenberg J, McMuny PH, Leek C (1996) Aerosol number size distributions from 3 to 500-nm diameter in the Arctic marine boimdary layer during suimner and autunm. Tellus B-Chem Phys Meteorol 48 197-212... 

Heintzenberg, J. (1980) Particle size distribution and optical properties of Arctic haze, Tellus 32, 251-260. 

Figure 3 A trimodal number-size distribution of an Arctic aerosol measured during the International Arctic Ocean Expedition 1991 (1). The solid squares represent the measurement, and the solid line the sum of log-normal distributions (dotted lines) of the ultrafine, the Aitken, and the accumulation mode.

The clouds observed in the lower troposphere when the inflow of arctic air (BT IV) dominates in the region are on average characterized by the same values of the optical parameters as the clouds in the previously reviewed case. However, the spectra of the distribution of the aerosol surface area versus particle size are noticeably shifted to the range of smaller particles (radiuses r=0.1-0.2 //m), and are described by a broader logarithmically normal function (curves 3 and 4). The observation can be explained by the offset of aerosol containing a great amount of loes dust and products of anthropogenic pollution composed of outbursts from the industrial plants of Kazakhstan. 

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