Aquifer remediation, surfactant performance

References to large-scale surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation can be found in the literature [75, 76]. Childs et al. also report results from the test site at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware [76]. Large data sets are also available from field tests at Hill Air Force Base, Utah [47, 77, 78]. Other field tests were performed at the Canadian Forces Base, Borden [51, 53], Ontario, the Bachman Road site at Oscoda [79, 80], Michigan, as well as Camp Lejeune, North Carolina [81], Traverse City Coast Guard Base, Michigan [54], Spartan Chemical Company Superfund Site, Michigan [82] and the former Naval Air Station Alameda, California [82, 83]. In the latter case a 97% extraction of DNAPL is reported [83]. 

Factors Affecting Surfactant s Performance in Aquifer Remediation.367... 

FACTORS AFFECTING SURFACTANT S PERFORMANCE IN AQUIFER REMEDIATION... 

Adding polymer to a surfactant solution to increase its viscosity has the potential to greatly increase the efficiency of surfactant remediation and should be tested in the soil of interest to evaluate its performance and benefit for apphcations where the aquifer permeability is sufficiently high and a sufficiently high hydraulic gradient can be imposed during the flood of the aquifer. 

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