Applications of the Refractometer Detector

The refractive index detector is fairly simple to use and is sometimes employed in the preliminary scanning of samples. It is frequently used as the detector in gel permeation or exclusion chromatography. This detector is particularly valuable in the size separation of polymers where, providing the polymer has more than ten monomer units, the refractive index is directly proportional to the concentration of polymer and practically independent of the molecular weight. In a LC laboratory that has to handle large numbers of different samples, it is desirable to 

An acid, base or salt, when dissolved in water, ionizes into chuged ions. If the acid, base and salt are represented by HA, BOH and BA, respectively, the ionization can be described by the following equations 

If the acid or base is weak, ionization is incomplete and an equilibrium condition occurs where 

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