Application of Pressure Relief Devices

This section describes the various pressure relief devices that are commonly used, with their characteristics and criteria for selection. Basic calculation procedures for sizing PR valves are covered in subsequent discussions. 

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As the operating pressure rises, the resulting force on the valve disc increases, opposing the spring force, until at the set pressure (normally adjusted to equal the vessel design pressure) the forces on the disc are balanced and the disc starts to lift. 

As the vessel pressure continues to rise above set pressure, the spring is further compressed until the disc is at full lift. The valve is designed to pass its rated capacity at the maximum allowable accumulation (10% for contingencies other than fire, 16% if multiple valves are used or 21 % for fire exposure). 

Following a reduction of vessel pressure, the disc returns under the action of the spring but reseats at a pressure lower than set pressure by an amount termed the blowdown (4 to 8% of set pressure). The blowdown may be adjusted within certain limits, by various means recommended by the valve vendor or manufacturer, to provide a longer or shorter blowdown. 

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