Apple simple carbohydrates

Haywood G W, Anderson A J, Ewing D E and Dawes E A (1990) Accumulation of a polyhydroxyalkanoate containing primarily 3-hydroxydecanoate from simple carbohydrate substrates by Pseudomonas sp. Strain NCIMB 40135, Appl Environ Microbiol 56 3354-3359. 

The second category of adulteration is by far the most common. For example, apple juice will normally contain around 11% by weight of solids. At least 90% of these solids are carbohydrates - sucrose, dextrose and fructose predominating. Considerably cheaper sources of carbohydrates can be found, and the simple addition of a mixture of carbohydrates in roughly the same proportion as those found naturally in apple juice can be used to stretch apple juice by a considerable proportion. In more sophisticated forms of adulteration the added components can be made to cany a similar signature to the juice. 

McNeff CV, Nowlan DT, McNeff LC, Yan B, Fedie RL (2010) Continuous production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural finm simple and complex carbohydrates. Appl Catal A Gen 384 65-69... 

---