Apoptosis distinction from

This ceramide-mediated apoptosis was shown to be inhibited by the simultaneous addition of PKC activators (Ni et at, 1994 Obeid et al, 1993), implying that PS may activate the ceramide-mediated apoptotic pathway. However, the inhibitors of interleukin-1 converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases (Caspase), such as tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), and tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) which inhibit ceramide-mediated apoptosis, had no effect on PS-induced apoptosis (Figure 4). Thus, PS-induced apoptotic pathway appears to be distinct from that mediated by ceramide. Further studies are required to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the PS-induced apoptosis. 

The steps of apoptosis are distinct from those of necrosis which is a nonprogramed form of cell death in response to injury, in which the cell swells and bursts, causing inflammation. Apoptosing cells form a tight sphere and their membranes undulate, resulting in bulges that form blebs. The nuclear membrane breaks, and endonucleases clip chromosomes where the DNA is exposed from protective proteins. This occurs at 180-base... 

Although autophagy is biochemically and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, there is significant cross-talk between these signalling pathways. 

Chauhan D, Catley L, Li G Podar K, Hideshima T, Velankar M, Mitsiades C, Mitsiades N, Yasui H, Letai A, Ovaa H, Berkers C, Nicholson B, Chao TH, Neuteboom ST, Richardson P, Palladino MA, Anderson KC. (2005) A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells with mechanisms distinct from Bortezomib. Cancer Cell 8 407 19. 

Chauhan D, Catley L, Li G et al (2005) A novel orally active proteasome inhibitor induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells with mechanisms distinct from Bortezomib. Cancer Cell 8 407 119... 

Apoptosis is characterized by the orderly dismantling of a cell without maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, displaying features listed in Table 18.1, and is distinct from an extreme type of cell death known as necrosis, that is characterized by disruption of the plasma cell membrane. In necrosis, loss of cellular plasma membrane... 

Homeostasis in multicellular organisms is based on a balance between life and death of cells. Apoptosis was recognized as a phenomenon distinct from necrosis by Wyllie... 

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