Apocarotenoids formation

Castillo, R., Fernandez, J.A., and Gomez-Gomez, L., Implications of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in apocarotenoid formation during the stigma development of Crocus sativus and its closer relatives, Plant Physiol. 139, 674, 2005. 

FIGURE 19.7 Representatives of apocarotenoid derived signaling molecules associated with arbuscular mycorrhiza formation. 

Cleavage of carotenoid precursors is likely to explain the formation of bixin and crocetin (Figure 5.71) and, indeed, these are classified as apocarotenoids. Large amounts (up to 10%) of the red pigment bixin are found in the seed... 

A comprehensive resonance Raman study of carotenoid cation radicals generated from canthaxanthin (16) and various apocarotenoids is referred to [136]. The resonance Raman spectra of the carotenoid cation radicals were in general similar to the resonance Raman spectra of the excited triplet state of the carotenoid. Upon formation of the cation radical of canthaxanthin (16) and the apocarotenoids investigated, the C=C stretching vibrations were decreased by 30-40 cm 1 whereas the C-C stretching vibrations were increased by 15-30 cm 1 relative to the parent... 

The main formation pathway of C9 apocarotenoids with cyclohexanone and cyclohexenone structures is conversion of hydroperoxides derived from P-damascol (Figure 9.29). Hydroperoxides generated by autoxidation of carotenoids are further oxidised, reduced and hydrated to form a variety of different structures. The most important compound of this apocarotenoid... 

---