Apatite nucleation, effective functional groups

Self-assembled monolayers terminated with COOH and H2PO4 groups, form bone-like apatite on their surfaces in an SBF [34]. This means that COOH and H2PO4 groups are also effective for apatite nucleation. These functional... 

It is already known that a fabric of synthetic organic polymer fiber in a three-dimensional structure can show various mechanical properties by itself ]57j. Several attempts have been made to form effective functional groups for apatite nucleation on organic polymers ]58, 59]. Most of the resultant polymers, however, form apatite only in solutions that are more highly supersaturated with respect to apatite than SBF, and do not form apatite in... 

On the basis of these findings, we can provide a guide for the apatiteforming ability of various materials, that is, not only ceramics, but also metals and organic polymers that posses the functional groups effective for apatite nucleation on their surfaces, and hence we can obtain bioactive materials with different mechanical properties. In the following sections, some examples of these are described. 

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