Antioxidants honey

Honey has been produced in Lithuania since the ancient times. Baltrusaityte et ah (2007a,b) recently reported antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Lithuanian honeys. Kaskoniene et ah (2010) characterized the carbohydrate composition of Lithuanian honeys obtained from various sources and determined if there was any relationship between pollen content and the content of the carbohydrate in the honey. 

The amount of organic acids in honey is less than 0.5%. Organic acids can be used as an important indicator of organoleptic properties like color and flavor and physical and chemical properties such as pH, acidity, and electrical conductivity (Crane, 1990). The organic acids in honey also have antibacterial and antioxidant activities (Gheldof et ah, 2002 Weston et ah, 1998). Organic acids in honey can be used as fermentation indicators, or for the treatment of Varroa mite infestation (Calderone, 2000 Mutinelli et ah, 1997) and discriminating between honeys based on their... 

Aljadi, A. M. and Kamaruddin, M. Y. (2004). Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian floral honeys. Food Chem. 85, 513-518. 

Al-Mamary, M., Al-Meeri, A., and Al-Habori, M. (2002). Antioxidant activities and total phenolics of different types of honey. Nutr. Res. 22,1041-1047. 

Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., TuUpani, S., Romandini, S., Vidal, A., and Battino, M. (2009). Methodological aspects about determination of phenolic compounds and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant capacity in the honey A review. Curr. Ami. Client. 5, 293-302. 

Gheldof, N., Wang, X. H., and Engeseth, N. J. (2002). Identification and quantification of antioxidant components of honeys from various floral sources. /. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 5870-5877. 

Nagai, T., Sakai, M., Inoue, R., Inoue, H., and Suzuki, N. (2001). Antioxidative activities of some commercially honeys, royal jelly, and propolis. Food Chem. 75, 237-240. 

Honey conveys both phenolic antioxidants and increases plasma antioxidant capacity (Nagai et al., 2001 Schramm et al., 2003). Honey contains flavanoids such as rhamnetin, kaempferol, naringenin, quercetin, and apigenin (see Chapter 31). 

Schramm, D.D., Karim, M., Schrader, H.R., Hot, R.R., Cardetti, M., and Keen C.L., Honey with high levels of antioxidants can provide protection to healthy human subjects, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1732-1735, 2003. 

Bertoncelj, J., Dobersek, U., Jamnik, M., and Golob, T. (2007). Evaluation of the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour of Slovenian honey. Food Chem. 105, 822-828. 

Estevinho, L., Pereira, A. P., Moreira, L., Dias, L. G., and Pereira, E. (2008). Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds extracts of Northeast Portugal honey. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 3774-3779. 

It is not surprising that honey-lysine Maillard products have an antioxidant effect.498 In turkey meat, increased levels of this MRP or of honey increase the antioxidant effect, but surprisingly the honey is the more effective, possibly because it gives a better dispersion or solubilisation of any MRP formed in the meat. 

S. M. Antony, I. Y. Han, J. R. Rieck, and P. L. Dawson, Antioxidative effect of Maillard reaction products added to turkey meat during heating by addition of honey, J. Food Sci., 2002, 67, 1719-1724. 

Honey contains vitamins and antioxidants, and enzymes that help in its digestion. 

Alvarez-Suarez, J.M., Gonzalez-Paramas, A.M., Santos-Buelga, C., and Battino, M., 2010a. Antioxidant characterization of native monofloral Cuban honeys. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58 9817-9824. 

Ferreira, I.C.F.R., Aires, E., Barreira, J.C.M., and Estevinho, L.M., 2009. Antioxidant activity of Portuguese honey samples dilferent contributions of the entire honey and phenolic extract. Food Chemistry. 114 1438-1443. 

Huda-Faujan N, Noriham A, Norrakiah AS et al (2009) Antioxidant activity of plants methanolic extracts containing phenolic compounds. Afr J Biotechnol 8 484-489 Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJ (2000) Phenolic constituents from the lichen Parmotrema stuppeum (Nyl.) Hale and their antioxidant activity. Z Naturforsch 55 1018-1022 Kekuda PTR, Vinayaka KS, Kumar PSV et al (2009) Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of lichen extracts, honey and their combination. J Pharm Res 2 1875-1878... 

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