Antimony—hydrogen bonds

Hydrocarbons undergo related reaction.s in the super-acid media, such as fluorosuiphuric acid and antimony pentachloride. It has been suggested that the initial one-electron processes during the electrochemical oxidation of alkanes in fluorosuiphuric acid involve a protonated carbon-hydrogen bond with formation of a carbon radical and release of two protons [15]. 

Hydrogen bonding is so common that coordinate bonds between other elements are sometimes overlooked. Antimony(Ill) halides form very few complexes with other halides, whereas aluminum halides readily form complexes. The octet of electrons is complete in all atoms of the antimony halides, but is incomplete in die aluminum atom of aluminum halides ... 

The X-ray crystal structure of [Pv TPP(OH)2 ]OH 2H2 O has been determined.32 The porphyrin skeleton is distorted S4 symmetrically to attain short P—distance ( 1.90 A). The hydroxy groups are strongly intermolecularly hydrogen bonded, and the phosphorus atom is displaced from the N4 plane by 0.096 A. The antimony(V) ion is centred in the porphyrin plane in [Sb(OEP)(OH)2]+ with a somewhat large Sb—distance of 2.065(6) A.31 The structure of [Bi(OEP)]NO, is of interest, since the four-coordinate BiUI ion protrudes from the porphyrin N4 plane by 1.09 A with a very long Bi—Npor distance of 2.32 A.31... 

Tetra-methyl- and phenyl-antimony(V) carboxylates react with one mole of carboxylic acid to form monomeric 1 1 adducts, RjSbOOCR R/ COOH343. The presence of strong O-H... O hydrogen bonds in these adducts has been demonstrated by IR and 3H NMR data ... 

Of the solvents, aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons are r-donors ( r-EPD) alcohols, ethers, amines, carboxamides, nitriles, ketones, sulfoxides and N- and P-oxides are n-donors (n-EPD), and haloalkanes are cr-donors (cr-EPD). Boron and antimony triha-lides are acceptor solvents (r-EPA), as are halogens and mixed halogens (c-EPA), and liquid sulfur dioxide (ti-EPA). In principle, all solvents are amphoteric in this respect, i.e. they may act as a donor (nucleophile) and an acceptor (electrophile) simultaneously. For example, water can act as a donor (by means of the oxygen atom) as well as as an acceptor (by forming hydrogen bonds). This is one of the reasons for the exceptional importance of water as a solvent. 

The structure of the more robust diphenylantimony trichloride monohydrate has been redetermined, showing again six-fold coordination about antimony. The Sb—O distance is still rather long (2.311 A), but the compound is stabilized by a system of O—H- -C1 hydrogen bonds, involving both of the water hydrogen atoms. 

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