Antiepileptics membrane effects

Mechanism of Action. These drugs are believed to exert their primary antiepileptic effects in a manner similar to phenytoin—that is, they stabilize the neuronal membrane by slowing the recovery of sodium channels firing too rapidly. Carbamazepine may also inhibit the presynaptic uptake and release of norepinephrine, and this effect may contribute to its antiseizure activity. 

Mode of action. Topiramate has multiple actions which contribute to its antiepileptic potential. It appears that its most important action is its inhibitory effect on sodium conductance in neuronal membranes, an action... 

An issue worthy of consideration is the question of whether the antiepileptic or other clinical effects of any of the drugs examined here are wholly or partially a result of their inhibition of Ca and/or Na movement across cellular membranes. Although there are several factors that could be... 

Bromides have sedative and anticonvulsant properties. At high levels they replace chlorides in nerve transport mechanisms, stabilising the membrane and impairing nerve transmission. Bromide salt is an effective antiepileptic and sedative in small doses and was once a common ingredient of many medicines. Intoxication by bromides (bromism) is reported at serum levels as low as 400 mg/1, with 1500 mg/1 considered to be toxic. The most common manifestations of bromism are psychiatric and dermatologic (bromoderma). Patients present with weakness, slurred speech, emotional instability, agitation, hallucinations, seizures and coma. Bromoderma occurs in approximately 35% of cases and is characterised by acneiform eruptions or, less commonly, granulomatous plaques, ulcers or bullae, usually on the face and trunk. 

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